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Another critical aspect covered in the CCAK certification is cloud governance and compliance. Certificate of Cloud Auditing Knowledge certification will provide you with an understanding of cloud legal and regulatory requirements; it will cover various industry standards, such as ISO 27001, NIST, and PCI-DSS; and it will teach you the importance of managing third-party service providers in cloud environments. The CCAK certification ensures professionals are abreast with developments in cloud compliance and governance, and will enable them to instill best practices in cloud environments.
The CCAK Certification covers a broad range of topics related to cloud computing, including cloud service models, cloud deployment models, cloud security, compliance and regulatory issues, risk management, and governance. CCAK exam is designed to be rigorous and challenging, ensuring that only the most qualified professionals are awarded the certification. CCAK exam is administered by ISACA, a leading global association for IT audit, assurance, security, and governance professionals.
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The CCAK certification exam covers a wide range of topics related to cloud auditing, including cloud risk management, cloud security, compliance, and governance. CCAK exam is designed to test the candidate's knowledge of cloud computing concepts, technologies, and best practices, as well as their ability to analyze and evaluate cloud-based systems and processes. CCAK Exam is also designed to assess the candidate's communication skills, as they will be required to communicate complex technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders.
NEW QUESTION # 155
Which of the following BEST ensures adequate restriction on the number of people who can access the pipeline production environment?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Role-based access control (RBAC) is a method of restricting access to resources based on the roles of individual users within an organization1 RBAC can help ensure adequate restriction on the number of people who can access the pipeline production environment, as it can limit the permissions and actions that each user can perform on the pipeline resources, such as code, secrets, environments, etc. RBAC can also help enforce the principle of least privilege, which states that users should only have the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks2 The other options are not correct because:
Option A is not correct because ensuring segregation of duties in the production and development pipelines is not sufficient to ensure adequate restriction on the number of people who can access the pipeline production environment. Segregation of duties is a practice that aims to prevent fraud, errors, or conflicts of interest by dividing responsibilities among different people or teams3 However, segregation of duties does not necessarily limit the number of people who can access the pipeline resources, as it depends on how the roles and permissions are defined and assigned. Segregation of duties is also more relevant for preventing unauthorized changes or deployments to the production environment, rather than restricting access to it4 Option B is not correct because periodic review of the continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipeline audit logs to identify any access violations is not a proactive measure to ensure adequate restriction on the number of people who can access the pipeline production environment. Audit logs are records of events or activities that occur within a system or process5 Audit logs can help monitor and detect any unauthorized or suspicious access to the pipeline resources, but they cannot prevent or restrict such access in the first place. Audit logs are also dependent on the frequency and quality of the review process, which may not be timely or effective enough to mitigate the risks of access violations6 Option D is not correct because separation of production and development pipelines is not a direct way to ensure adequate restriction on the number of people who can access the pipeline production environment. Separation of production and development pipelines is a practice that aims to isolate and protect the production environment from any potential errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities that may arise from the development process. However, separation of pipelines does not automatically imply restriction of access, as it depends on how the roles and permissions are configured for each pipeline.
Separation of pipelines may also introduce challenges such as synchronization, coordination, and communication among the pipeline teams and stakeholders.
References: 1: Wikipedia. Role-based access control - Wikipedia. [Online]. Available: 1. [Accessed:
14-Apr-2023]. 2: Microsoft Learn. Set pipeline permissions - Azure Pipelines | Microsoft Learn.
[Online]. Available: 1. [Accessed: 14-Apr-2023]. 3: Investopedia. Segregation Of Duties Definition - Investopedia.com Blog. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed: 14-Apr-2023]. 4: Cider Security. Insufficient PBAC (Pipeline-Based Access Controls) - Cider Security Blog. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed: 14-Apr-2023]. 5:
Wikipedia. Audit trail - Wikipedia. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed: 14-Apr-2023]. 6: Microsoft Learn.
Securing Azure Pipelines - Azure Pipelines | Microsoft Learn. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed: 14-Apr-2023].
AWS DevOps Blog. How to implement CI/CD with AWS CodePipeline - AWS DevOps Blog | Amazon Web Services Blog. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed: 14-Apr-2023]. : LambdaTest. What Is Parallel Testing?
with Example - LambdaTest Blog. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed: 14-Apr-2023].
NEW QUESTION # 156
During an audit, it was identified that a critical application hosted in an off-premises cloud is not part of the organization's disaster recovery plan (DRP). Management stated that it is responsible for ensuring the cloud service provider has a plan that is tested annually. What should be the auditor's NEXT course of action?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The auditor's next course of action should be to review the contract and DR capability of the cloud service provider. This will help the auditor to verify if the provider has a DR plan that meets the organization's requirements and expectations, and if the provider has evidence of testing and validating the plan annually. The auditor should also check if the contract specifies the roles and responsibilities of both parties, the RTO and RPO values, the SLA terms, and the penalties for non-compliance.
Reviewing the security white paper of the provider (option A) might give some information about the provider's security practices and controls, but it might not be sufficient or relevant to assess the DR plan. Reviewing the provider's audit reports (option B) might also provide some assurance about the provider's compliance with standards and regulations, but it might not address the specific DR needs of the organization. Planning an audit of the provider (option D) might be a possible course of action, but it would require more time and resources, and it might not be feasible or necessary if the contract and DR capability are already satisfactory. Reference:
Disaster recovery planning guide
Audit a Disaster Recovery Plan
How to Maintain and Test a Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plan
NEW QUESTION # 157
The MAIN limitation of relying on traditional cloud compliance assurance approaches such as SOC2 attestations is that:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Traditional cloud compliance assurance approaches such as SOC2 attestations have the main limitation of providing a point-in-time snapshot of an organization's compliance posture. This means that they only reflect the state of the organization's security and compliance controls at a specific date or period, which may not be representative of the current or future state. Cloud environments are dynamic and constantly changing, and so are the threats and risks that affect them. Therefore, relying on traditional cloud compliance assurance approaches may not provide sufficient or timely assurance that the organization's cloud services and data are adequately protected and compliant with the relevant requirements and standards.12 To overcome this limitation, some organizations adopt continuous cloud compliance assurance approaches, such as continuous monitoring, auditing, and reporting. These approaches enable the organization to collect, analyze, and report on the security and compliance status of its cloud environment in near real-time, using automated tools and processes. Continuous cloud compliance assurance approaches can help the organization to identify and respond to any changes, issues, or incidents that may affect its cloud security and compliance posture, and to maintain a high level of trust and transparency with its stakeholders, customers, and regulators.34 References := What is SOC 2? Complete Guide to SOC 2 Reports | CSA1; Guidance on cloud security assessment and authorization - ITSP.50.105 - Canadian Centre for Cyber Security2; Continuous Compliance:
The Future of Cloud Security | CloudCheckr3; Continuous Compliance: How to Automate Cloud Security Compliance4
NEW QUESTION # 158
What is a sign that an organization has adopted a shift-left concept of code release cycles?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The shift-left concept of code release cycles is an approach that moves testing, quality, and performance evaluation early in the development process, often before any code is written. The goal of shift-left testing is to anticipate and resolve software defects, bugs, errors, and vulnerabilities as soon as possible, reducing the cost and time of fixing them later in the production stage. To achieve this, shift-left testing relies on automation tools and techniques that enable continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment of code. Automation also facilitates collaboration and feedback among developers, testers, security experts, and other stakeholders throughout the development lifecycle. Therefore, the incorporation of automation to identify and address software code problems early is a sign that an organization has adopted a shift-left concept of code release cycles. References The 'Shift Left' Is A Growing Theme For Cloud Cybersecurity In 2022 Shift left vs shift right: A DevOps mystery solved How to shift left with continuous integration
NEW QUESTION # 159
Application programming interfaces (APIs) are likely to be attacked continuously by bad actors because they:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
APIs are likely to be attacked continuously by bad actors because they are generally the most exposed part of an application or system. APIs serve as the interface between different components or services, and often expose sensitive data or functionality to the outside world. APIs can be accessed by anyone with an Internet connection, and can be easily discovered by scanning or crawling techniques. Therefore, APIs are a prime target for attackers who want to exploit vulnerabilities, steal data, or disrupt services.
References:
ISACA, Certificate of Cloud Auditing Knowledge (CCAK) Study Guide, 2021, p. 88-89.
OWASP, The Ten Most Critical API Security Risks - OWASP Foundation, 2019, p. 4-5
NEW QUESTION # 160
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